Every 3D Application is made of Coordinate System. The coordinate system is responsible for placing data in 3D space, which is in form of Geometry and Texture. A 3D geometry will contain its unwrapped 2D representation called UV, which we can use to project an image as a 2D Texture. A 3D Application or Render Engine bundles Procedural Textures (Mathematically Generated Vector Patterns) in the form of 2D or 3D. A 2D Texture utilizes 2D Coordinates which is UV, and a 3D Texture utilizes the same 3D Coordinates which are used to visualize 3D Geometries.
A Coordinate system uses Coordinate Space to visualize data. There are 4 commonly used coordinate spaces, which are, World (3D), Object (3D), Pref (3D), and UV (2D), which are used to visualize geometry and texture.